BM线性递推

//O(n^2) n是传入的数
//输入的n是第几个数 


#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i,a,n) for (int i=a;i<n;i++)
#define per(i,a,n) for (int i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> PII;
const ll mod=1000000007;
ll powmod(ll a,ll b) {ll res=1;a%=mod; assert(b>=0); for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;}
ll _,n;
namespace linear_seq{
    const int N=10010;
    ll res[N],base[N],_c[N],_md[N];
    vector<ll> Md;
    void mul(ll *a,ll *b,int k)
    {
        rep(i,0,k+k) _c[i]=0;
        rep(i,0,k) if (a[i]) rep(j,0,k) _c[i+j]=(_c[i+j]+a[i]*b[j])%mod;
        for (int i=k+k-1;i>=k;i--) if (_c[i])
            rep(j,0,SZ(Md)) _c[i-k+Md[j]]=(_c[i-k+Md[j]]-_c[i]*_md[Md[j]])%mod;
        rep(i,0,k) a[i]=_c[i];
    }
    int solve(ll n,VI a,VI b)
    {
        ll ans=0,pnt=0;
        int k=SZ(a);
        assert(SZ(a)==SZ(b));
        rep(i,0,k) _md[k-1-i]=-a[i];_md[k]=1;
        Md.clear();
        rep(i,0,k) if (_md[i]!=0) Md.push_back(i);
        rep(i,0,k) res[i]=base[i]=0;
        res[0]=1;
        while ((1ll<<pnt)<=n) pnt++;
        for (int p=pnt;p>=0;p--)
        {
            mul(res,res,k);
            if ((n>>p)&1)
            {
                for (int i=k-1;i>=0;i--) res[i+1]=res[i];res[0]=0;
                rep(j,0,SZ(Md)) res[Md[j]]=(res[Md[j]]-res[k]*_md[Md[j]])%mod;
            }
        }
        rep(i,0,k) ans=(ans+res[i]*b[i])%mod;
        if (ans<0) ans+=mod;
        return ans;
    }
    VI BM(VI s) {
        VI C(1,1),B(1,1);
        int L=0,m=1,b=1;
        rep(n,0,SZ(s)) {
            ll d=0;
            rep(i,0,L+1) d=(d+(ll)C[i]*s[n-i])%mod;
            if (d==0) ++m;
            else if (2*L<=n) {
                VI T=C;
                ll c=mod-d*powmod(b,mod-2)%mod;
                while (SZ(C)<SZ(B)+m) C.pb(0);
                rep(i,0,SZ(B)) C[i+m]=(C[i+m]+c*B[i])%mod;
                L=n+1-L; B=T; b=d; m=1;
            } else {
                ll c=mod-d*powmod(b,mod-2)%mod;
                while (SZ(C)<SZ(B)+m) C.pb(0);
                rep(i,0,SZ(B)) C[i+m]=(C[i+m]+c*B[i])%mod;
                ++m;
            }
        }
        return C;
    }
    int gao(VI a,ll n){
        VI c=BM(a);
        c.erase(c.begin());
        rep(i,0,SZ(c)) c[i]=(mod-c[i])%mod;
        return solve(n,c,VI(a.begin(),a.begin()+SZ(c)));
    }
};
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
      scanf("%lld",&n);
        vector<int>v {2,3,4,5,7,9,12,15,19,24,31,40,52,67,86,110,141,181,233,300,386,496,637};
        // n = v.size();
        // v.push_back({2,3,4,5,7,9,12,15,19,24,31,40,52,67,86,110,141,181,233,300,386,496,637});      //至少8项，越多越好。 
        printf("%lld\n",linear_seq::gao(v,n-1)%mod);
    }
}

自适应辛普森积分

double F(double x)
{
	//Simpson公式用到的函数
}
double simpson(double a, double b)//三点Simpson法，这里要求F是一个全局函数
{
	double c = a + (b - a) / 2;
	return (F(a) + 4 * F(c) + F(b))*(b - a) / 6;
}
double asr(double a, double b, double eps, double A)//自适应Simpson公式（递归过程）。已知整个区间[a,b]上的三点Simpson值A
{
	double c = a + (b - a) / 2;
	double L = simpson(a, c), R = simpson(c, b);
	if (fabs(L + R - A) <= 15 * eps)return L + R + (L + R - A) / 15.0;
	return asr(a, c, eps / 2, L) + asr(c, b, eps / 2, R);
}
double asr(double a, double b, double eps)//自适应Simpson公式（主过程）
{
	return asr(a, b, eps, simpson(a, b));
}

拉格朗日插指

// 适用范围，求n次多项式第x项的值

namespace polysum {
    #define rep(i,a,n) for (int i=a;i<n;i++)
    #define per(i,a,n) for (int i=n-1;i>=a;i--)
    const int D=1e6+10;
    ll a[D],f[D],g[D],p[D],p1[D],p2[D],b[D],h[D][2],C[D];
    ll powmod(ll a,ll b){ll res=1;a%=mod;assert(b>=0);for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;}
    //..........................
   // 已知a_i 的d次多项式，求第n项
    ll calcn(int d,ll *a,ll n) { // a[0].. a[d]  a[n] 
        if (n<=d) return a[n];
        p1[0]=p2[0]=1;
        rep(i,0,d+1) {
            ll t=(n-i+mod)%mod;
            p1[i+1]=p1[i]*t%mod;
        }
        rep(i,0,d+1) {
            ll t=(n-d+i+mod)%mod;
            p2[i+1]=p2[i]*t%mod;
        }
        ll ans=0;
        rep(i,0,d+1) {
            ll t=g[i]*g[d-i]%mod*p1[i]%mod*p2[d-i]%mod*a[i]%mod;
            if ((d-i)&1) ans=(ans-t+mod)%mod;
            else ans=(ans+t)%mod;
        }
        return ans;
    }
    // 初始化，初始化的时候记得将D的值
    void init(int M) {
        f[0]=f[1]=g[0]=g[1]=1;
        rep(i,2,M+5) f[i]=f[i-1]*i%mod;
        g[M+4]=powmod(f[M+4],mod-2);
        per(i,1,M+4) g[i]=g[i+1]*(i+1)%mod;
    }
// 已知a_i，并且知道a_i是m次多项式
   ll polysum(ll m,ll *a,ll n) { // a[0].. a[m] \sum_{i=0}^{n} a[i]
        ll b[D];
        ll b[D];
        for(int i=0;i<=m;i++) b[i]=a[i];
        b[m+1]=calcn(m,b,m+1);
        rep(i,1,m+2) b[i]=(b[i-1]+b[i])%mod;
        return calcn(m+1,b,n);// m次多项式的和是m+1 次多项式
    }

    ll qpolysum(ll R,ll n,ll *a,ll m) {
     // a[0].. a[m] \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a[i]*R^i
        if (R==1) return polysum(n,a,m);
        a[m+1]=calcn(m,a,m+1);
        ll r=powmod(R,mod-2),p3=0,p4=0,c,ans;
        h[0][0]=0;h[0][1]=1;
        rep(i,1,m+2) {
            h[i][0]=(h[i-1][0]+a[i-1])*r%mod;
            h[i][1]=h[i-1][1]*r%mod;
        }
        rep(i,0,m+2) {
            ll t=g[i]*g[m+1-i]%mod;
            if (i&1) p3=((p3-h[i][0]*t)%mod+mod)%mod,p4=((p4-h[i][1]*t)%mod+mod)%mod;
            else p3=(p3+h[i][0]*t)%mod,p4=(p4+h[i][1]*t)%mod;
        }
        c=powmod(p4,mod-2)*(mod-p3)%mod;
        rep(i,0,m+2) h[i][0]=(h[i][0]+h[i][1]*c)%mod;
        rep(i,0,m+2) C[i]=h[i][0];
        ans=(calcn(m,C,n)*powmod(R,n)-c)%mod;
        if (ans<0) ans+=mod;
        return ans;
    }
} // polysum::init();